Glossary terms to give feedback to language learners
Accuracy
Noun
The quality or state of being correct or precise.
Example: We have confidence in the accuracy of the statistics.
Affordance
Noun
The quality or property of an object that defines its possible uses or makes clear how it can or should be used.
Assessment for learning
Noun
It is the snapshot in time that lets the teacher, students and their parents know how well each student has completed the learning tasks and activities.
Authoritarian Feedback
Noun
Which is negative in content and manner and discourages discussion, will do little to motivate learners; nor will it help them develop their language proficiency.
Automated feedback
Noun
A type of feedback generated by artificial intelligence-based software and delivered to learners upon completing any written task.
Beforehand
Adverb
Earlier (than a particular time).
Collaborative writing
Noun
It is the process of producing a written work as a group where all team members contributed to the content and the decisions about how the group will function.
Content Knowledge
Noun
It refers to the body of knowledge –facts, theories, principles, ideas, vocabulary– which teachers must master to be effective.
Corrective feedback
Noun
It is a frequent practice in the field of learning and achievement. It typically involves a Learner receiving either formal or informal feedback on his or her understanding or performance on various tasks by an agent such as a teacher, employer, or peer(s).
Error correction
Noun
It is a way to develop competence of language learners in a second or foreign language.
Explicit feedback
Noun
The teacher provides a corrected reformulation of an error often requires the learner to repeat the correction, especially in feedback on speaking.
Feed forward
Noun
It's the process of replacing positive or negative feedback with future-oriented solutions. In simple terms, it means focusing on the future instead of the past.
Feedback
Noun
The transmission of evaluative or corrective information about an action, event, or process to the original or controlling source also: the information so transmitted.
Feedback sandwich
Noun
It is a method of feedback where positive feedback serves as a cushion against the negative feedback.
Feedback strategy
Noun
It is the system of feedback collection and analysis to produce actionable insights.
Formative feedback
Noun
Generated by teachers as strategies to engage learners to constantly reflect on how they can approach, orient, and evaluate learning, which leads to successful learning outcomes.
Goal
Noun
The end toward which effort is directed.
Grammar correction
Noun
It is the task of correcting different kinds of errors in text such as spelling, punctuation, grammatical, and word choice errors.
Knowledge
Noun
Facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject.
Language acquisition
Noun
It is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language (in other words, gain the ability to be aware of language and to understand it), as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate.
Language production
Noun
It is the production of spoken or written language.
Language proficiency
Noun
Receptive and expressive language skills, syntax, vocabulary, semantics, and other areas that demonstrate language abilities.
Learning strategies
Noun
It is an individual’s way of organizing and using a particular set of skills in order to learn content or accomplish other tasks more effectively and efficiently in school as well as in non-academic settings.
Lesson planning
Noun
It is the instructor's road map of what students need to learn and how it will be done effectively during class time.
Non-verbal behaviour
Noun
Facial expressions, gestures, paralinguistics (such as loudness or tone of voice), body language, proxemics or personal space, eye gaze, haptics (touch), appearance, and artifacts.
Peer feedback
Noun
It is a practice where feedback is given by one student to another.
Self-correction
Noun
Correcting or compensating for one's own errors or weaknesses.
Stigmatizing errors
Noun
Errors that are specific to the kind of spoken interaction that students are engaged in, or to the genre of text they are writing.
Summative feedback
Noun
Aimed at helping students understand how well they have done in meeting the overall learning goals of the course.